TRT stands for "Total Run Time" in the context of TV production and broadcasting. It refers to the total duration of a TV show episode or movie after editing, including opening and closing credits.
The total run time is an important factor that TV networks and producers have to consider when developing and scheduling program content. There are several key reasons why TRT matters:
- TRT determines how much advertising a network can sell for a given timeslot. Most TV formats have structured ad breaks built in, so the total runtime dictates the amount of ads. Typically, an hour-long show has about 14-15 minutes of commercials that can be sold.
- TRT decides how programs can be scheduled in blocks and across channels. Most networks arrange shows to run in 30 or 60-minute programming blocks. A 30-minute sitcom will be easier to schedule than a 43-minute drama, for example.
- TRT impacts pacing and editing of a program. The total runtime determines how much content can fit within the allotted time. For instance, scenes or segments may need to be edited down to prevent going over.
- TRTs can vary slightly from episode to episode - typically within a minute so there is some flexibility. But networks usually enforce a standard average for a series.
Factors Impacting Total Run Time
What determines the TRT for a given TV show? Here are some of the key factors:
- Average scene length: The pacing of scenes and segments adds up to the overall program duration. Faster paced scenes tend to shorten TRT.
- Opening sequence length: Show opening title and credits sequences can range from a few seconds to over a minute, impacting TRT.
- Commercial break format: Shows have structured break points and formats which are fixed based on the desired TRT.
- Amount of content shot: The amount of footage shot that needs to make it into the final edit affects how scenes and segments are paced and cut.
- Editor's pacing choices: Editors make important decisions on scene pacing, transitions and cuts in order to achieve the ideal TRT.
TRT Specifications and Rules
TV networks often have specific guidelines when it comes to target TRTs for different program formats:
- 30 minute shows: Usually in the 21-22 minute range for content, with 8 minutes for commercials. common examples are sitcoms and game shows.
- 60 minute shows: About 42-45 minutes of content plus 14-15 minutes for advertising. Very common for dramas, documentaries and news magazine shows.
- Live shows: More variable since there is no editing, but formats are structured to fit standard TRTs.
- Children's programming: Typically falls under tighter restrictions such as 30 minute blocks.
- Movie TRTs: Can vary more widely depending on genre (e.g. 90 minute kids movies up to 3 hours for epics). Includes longer 15-20 commercial breaks.
Any show that significantly veers from the designated TRT format risks not getting aired or needs to be re-edited to meet delivery specifications. So producers have to keep a close eye on TRT all throughout the production and post process.
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